Case Report Congenital absence of all permanent second molars: a rare case report and literature review

Congenital absence of permanent second molar is an extremely rare condition, which may appear as part of a syndrome or as a non-syndromic form. Non-syndromic second molar agenesis combined with other types of teeth agenesis has occasionally been described in the literature but isolated cases are rarely observed. It might be caused by a number of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors during the process of dental development. This report presents an isolated case of hypodontia with absence of bilateral maxillary and mandibular permanent second molars in a healthy 25-year-old male patient and a literature review on the prevalence, etiology, and restoration of the missing teeth.